Swiss Chard
Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
Overview
Swiss Chard is an exceptional candidate for NFT (Nutrient Film Technique) systems due to its upright growth habit and resistance to bolting compared to spinach. It thrives in water culture and allows for a 'cut-and-come-again' harvesting style, providing a continuous yield from a single planting.
Growing Requirements
pH Range
6 - 6.5
EC Range
1.8 - 2.3 mS/cm
TDS Range
900 - 1150 ppm
Temperature
18°C - 24°C
Light Requirement
Medium (14 hours/day)
Nutrient Needs
Growth Timeline
Germination
5-7 daysSeeds are sown in rockwool or starter plugs. High humidity is required. Chard seeds are multigerm, so thinning may be necessary.
Seedling
14-21 daysTrue leaves appear. Once roots protrude from the starter plug, they are ready to be moved into the NFT channel.
Vegetative Growth
21-35 daysRapid leaf expansion occurs. Roots grow into a mat within the NFT channel. Nutrient uptake increases significantly.
Harvest Maturity
35+ daysPlants reach harvestable size. Outer leaves can be harvested continuously for several months.
Common Issues & Solutions
Root Rot (Pythium)
- Brown, slimy roots
- Wilting leaves
- Stunted growth
- Reservoir temperatures above 24°C
- Low dissolved oxygen levels in the NFT stream
- Use a water chiller
- Increase aeration with air stones
- Use beneficial bacteria or enzymatic root cleaners
Tip Burn
- Browning on the edges of young, inner leaves
- Necrotic spots
- Calcium deficiency
- High humidity preventing transpiration
- Stagnant air
- Increase airflow over the canopy
- Ensure adequate Calcium in nutrient solution
- Lower humidity
Cercospora Leaf Spot
- Small light brown spots with purple halos on leaves
- High humidity
- Poor air circulation
- Splashing water
- Improve ventilation
- Remove infected leaves immediately
- Lower humidity levels
Harvesting Guide
When to Harvest
Harvest baby greens at 3-4 weeks (6-8 inches tall) or mature leaves at 5-8 weeks (10-12 inches tall).
How to Harvest
Use the cut-and-come-again method. Cut the outer, larger leaves near the base of the stalk using sterile shears, leaving the inner crown (new growth) intact.
Storage Tips
Wash and dry thoroughly, then store in a sealed container or plastic bag with a paper towel in the refrigerator for 5-7 days.
Expected Yield
High; a healthy plant can produce continuously for 3-4 months in an NFT system.
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